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CIArb AWARD WRITING TECHNIQUES: LANGUAGE USE IN ARBITRATION

5/11/2021

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​CIArb AWARD WRITING TECHNIQUES: LANGUAGE USE IN ARBITRATION

When an arbitration agreement did not specifically spelt out the language use in the arbitration, party may mount a challenge on this aspect:
 
Language Use in the Arbitration
 
  1. Parties disagreed on:
    1. The language of the proceedings;
    2. Respondent proposed that this should be in […] given the location of the dispute.
    3. Claimant disagreed and asserted that this should be in […] based on the location of the manufacturing.
    4. Following the disagreement, parties looked to me to give some direction.
    5. After due consideration, I ruled that the language for the arbitration shall be English and that I would give my reasons for this in this award.
  2. During [When], a substantive issue was raised by the parties with regards to the language use in this arbitration which required my decision, of which I had ruled that this would be English.
  3. Foremost, the ‘choice of language’ use in this arbitration is not available in the arbitration agreement.
  4. The Respondent proposed that the language use in this arbitration should be in […] given the location of the dispute while the Claimant disagreed and asserted that the language instead, should be in […] based on the location of the manufacturing.
  5. Having to consider these submissions, I now, would give my brief reasons as the followings:
    1. The choice of language must not limit a party's opportunity to pursue its claim due to a language barrier based on the doctrine of natural justice for ‘equal treatment’[i] or equality.[ii]
    2. Although the language used by the parties business dealings can be relevant but it is not the sole criteria adopted by the various jurisdictions.[iii]
    3. Art.22(1)ML provides that “The parties are free to agree on the language or languages […]. Failing such agreement, the arbitral tribunal shall determine the language or languages to be used in the proceedings […]”, giving a wide array of discretion to the arbitrator to decide on this matter.
      1. Since parties had agreed to the ‘Choice of Law’ COL governing the contract to be similar to the English law, that is neutral to the parties, I am inclined to find such ground of neutrality to be the main basis for the party to arrive at an ‘implicit agreement’ or facta concludentia, i.e. the use of the same language for the contract, the arbitration agreement and so forth.
  6. For such reason and on balance, I FIND AND HOLD THAT, the language use in this arbitration shall be English.[iv]
 
--------------------------------------
[i] Art.18ML, “The parties shall be treated with equality and each party shall be given a full opportunity of presenting his case.”
[ii] <http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2014/05/06/the-choice-of-the-language-of-the-proceedings-an-underestimated-aspect-of-the-arbitration/>
[iii] Some jurisdiction recognised that the language use in the arbitration shall also be the language use in the contract, i.e. Art.20 International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Rules ICC, “in the absence of agreement by the parties, the arbitrators should give ‘due regard’ to all relevant circumstances, including the language of the contract" and Art.18 Rules of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution Arbitration Rules ICDR, "the language (s) of the arbitration shall be the language(s) of the documents containing the arbitration agreement, subject to the power of the arbitral tribunal to determine otherwise."
[iv] Art.19(1) UNCITRAL Rules 2010, “Subject to an agreement by the parties, the arbitral tribunal shall, promptly after its appointment, determine the language or languages to be used in the proceedings.”
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    AWARD WRITING BLOG FOR ARBITRATION

    Objective of this Page:I am sharing these information with a caveat that these information is for educational purpose only and shall not be taken as an advice be it legal or otherwise. You should seek proper advice to your case with the relevant professionals. The author cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information so provided here.

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        • Ng KenHong
        • Sean Tan
        • Peggy Chai
        • Elliotte Teoh
        • Vincent Tow
        • TzeLer
        • Elaine
        • Ng SongChun
        • Carissa Foong
        • Ng WeiMun
        • Ng ChenYin
        • Nicol Ong
        • Adron Liang
        • Ivan Sung
        • Lau HuiJew
      • Acts >
        • Portraiture
        • A Slice of Space Time
        • Box of Installation of Lights
        • Radio Misreading
        • Grid of Destinies
        • Shelter
        • Anatomy of Pain
        • Tensigrity of Ego
        • Of Prisons and Walls
        • Forest of Nails
        • Curtain of Fears
        • Dissolution of the Ego
        • If it's Ain't Broken it's Ain't Worth Mending
        • Flight of Freedom
        • Cross of Complexity and Contradiction
        • interrogation
      • Stage >
        • Soap Box
      • Play
      • Approach
      • Galleria >
        • Martial Gallery
        • Drive Through Gallery
        • Clinique Gallery
        • Cafe Gallery
        • MACC Gallery
        • Haunted Gallery
        • Backpacker Hotel
        • Audio Bookshop Gallery
        • Funeral Parlour
        • Extreme Game Gallery
        • Play Ground
        • Wedding Gallery
        • Meditation Gallery
        • Water Tower
        • Photography Studio
        • Chapel Gallery
    • External Critique >
      • Discourse in Sem 06
      • Discourse in Sem 05 >
        • The Site - KB
        • The Rectilinear
        • The Paired Kidneys
        • The Boat
        • The Decepticon
        • The Curvature
      • EnviroDesign MasterClass 2015
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