納音 - THE 5 RECEIVED NOTES NAYIN

Adopted from the translation by Thomas F. Aylward of the JieJi BianFang Shu  协纪辨方书...

This section discusses two issues: the associations of the NaYin with the 60 JiaZi pairs and the pairs' poetic names.' The compilers explain the musical-note associations by quoting a long passage written by the Famous Song dynasty Confucian scholar, Zhu Xi (1130-1200 CE). The explanation provided by Zhu Xi adds little to what has been said above, aside from his point about the WuXin correlate of the NaYin being the process produced by the process of the musical note in question. The five traditional Chinese musical notes were associated with the WuXin as follows:

1.       Palace Note (gong) — earth,
2.       Exchange Note (shang) — metal,
3.       Horn Note (jue) — wood,
4.       Summoning Note (zhi) — fire, and
5.       Feather Note (yu) — water.

The explanations of the 'poetic' names of the NaYin were penned by an early-Ming dynasty (late-fourteenth century) scholar named Tao Zongyi. These explanations draw heavily on the twelve-stage life-cycle principle. The reasoning is, however, highly erratic. At times, the author bases his justifications on the WuXin

1.       correlate of the branch,
2.       at other times on that of the stem,
3.       and at still other times on that of a related trigram.

Clearly, the NaYin WuXin correlates and their poetic names do not derive systematically from the stems or branches of the 60 JiaZi pairs, but the author felt a need to demonstrate that they do. It is noteworthy that the compilers of the Treatise could not locate another better-known or older reference to these poetic names, which suggests that the system was neither very old nor of great significance.

Zhu Xi said, `The musical sounds are earth, metal, wood, fire, and water. In the Great Plan, these are water, fire, wood, metal, and earth. The NaYIn system takes each of the sixty stem-branch pairs and matches it with one of the WuYin. The process to which the WuYin gives birth serves as the musical note that the stem-branch pair receives. 

初一宮商角徵羽納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五子而隨以五丑，宮得甲 子，商得丙子，角得戊子，徵得庚，羽得壬子。宮為土，土生金，故甲子、乙丑納音金。商為金，金生水，故丙子、丁丑納音水。角為木，木生火，故戊子、己丑納 音火。徵為火，火生土，故庚子、辛丑納音土。羽為水，水生木，故壬子、癸丑納音木。

`In the first series, the Palace Note (gong), Exchange Note (shang), Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), and Feather Note (yu) receive stem-Jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with the branch-Zi.

The five adjacent pairs that have branch-Chou follow the affiliations of the branch-Zi pairs.

1.       Thus the Palace Note (gong) obtains the pair stem-Jia/branch-Zi,
2.       the Exchange Note (shang) obtains stem-Bing/branch-Zi,
3.       the Horn Note (jue) obtains stem-Wu/branch-Zi,
4.       the Summoning Note (zhi) obtains stem-Geng/branch-Zi, and
5.       the Feather Note (yu) obtains stem-Ren/branch-Zi.

·         The Palace Note (gong) is earth. Earth gives birth to metal. Therefore, the stem-branch pair’s stem-Jia/branch-Zi and stem-Yi/branch-Chou receive the note of metal.
·         The Exchange Note (shang) is metal. Metal gives birth to water. Therefore, the stem-branch pairs stem-Bing/branch-Zi and stem-Ding/branch-Chou receive the note of water.
·         The Horn Note (jue) is wood. Wood gives birth to fire. Therefore, the pairs stem- Wu/branch-Zi and stem-Ji/branch-Chou receive the note of fire.
·         The Summoning Note (zhi) is fire. Fire gives birth to earth. Therefore, the pairs stem-Geng/branch-Zi and stem-Xin/branch-Chou receive the note of earth.
·         The Feather Note (yu) is water. Water gives birth to wood. Therefore, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Zi and stem-Gui/branch-Chou receive the note of wood. 

次二商角徵羽宮納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五寅而隨以五卯。商金得甲寅、乙卯，納音水；角木得丙寅、丁卯，納音火；徵火得戊寅、己卯，納音土；羽水得庚寅、辛卯，納音木；宮土得壬寅、癸卯，納音金。

`In the second series, the Exchange Note (shang), Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), Feather Note (yu), and Palace Note (gong) receive stem-jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with the branch-Yin.

The five adjacent pairs that have branch-Mao follow the affiliations of the branch-Yin pairs.

1.       Thus, since the metal Exchange Note (shang) obtains them, the pairs stem-Jia/branch-Yin and stem-Yi/branch-Mao receive the note of water.
2.       Since the wood Horn Note (jue) obtains them, the pairs stem-Bing/branch-Yin and stem-Ding/branch-Mao receive the note of fire.
3.       Since the fire Summoning Note (zhi) obtains them, the pairs stem- Wu/branch-Yin and stem-Ji/branch-Mao receive the note of earth.
4.       Since the water Feather Note (yu) obtains them, the pairs stem-Geng/branch-Yin and stem-Xin/branch-Mao receive the note of wood.
5.       Since the earth Palace Note (gong) obtains them, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Yin and stem-Gui/branch-Mao receive the note of metal. 

次三角徵羽宮商納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五辰而隨以五巳。角木得甲辰、乙己，納音火；徵火得丙辰、丁巳，納音土；羽水得戊辰、己巳，納音木；宮土得庚辰、辛巳，納音金；商金得壬辰、癸巳，納音水。以上六甲得其半，納音小成。

`In the third series, the Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), Feather Note (yu), Palace Note (gong), and Exchange Note (shang) receive stem-Jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with the branch-Chen. The five adjacent pairs that have branch-Si follow the affiliations of the branch-Chen pairs.

1.       Thus, since the wood Horn Note (jue) obtains them, the pairs stem-jia/branch-Chen and stem- Yi/branch-Si receive the note of fire.
2.       Since the fire Summoning Note (zhi) obtains them, the pairs stem-Bing/branch-Chen and stem-Ding/branch-Si receive the note of earth.
3.       Since the water Feather Note (yu) obtains them, the pairs stem-Wu/branch-Chen and stem-Ji/branch-Si receive the note of wood.
4.       Since the earth Palace Note (gong) obtains them, the pairs stem-Geng/branch-Chen and stem-Xin/branch-Si receive the note of metal.
5.       Since the metal Exchange Note (shang) obtains them, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Chen and stem-Gui/branch-Si receive the note of water. 

次四復以宮商角徵羽 納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五午而隨以五未。宮土得甲午、乙未，納音金；商金得丙午、丁未，納音水；角木得戊午、己未，納音火；徵火得庚午、辛未，納音土；羽水得壬午、癸未，納音木。

`In the fourth series, the Palace Note (gong), Exchange Note (shang), Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), and Feather Note (yu) —in the same order here as in the first series — receive stem-Jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with branch-Wu. The five adjacent pairs that have branch-Wei follow the affiliations of branch-Wu pairs.

1.       Thus, since the earth Palace Note (gong) obtains them, the pairs stem-Jia/branch- Wu and stem-Yi/branch- Wei receive the note of metal.
2.       Since the metal Exchange Note (shang) obtains them, the pairs stem-Bing/branch-Wu and stem-Ding/branch-Wei receive the note of water.
3.       Since the wood Horn Note (jue) obtains them, the pairs stem-Wu/branch-Wu and stem-.1i/branch- Wei receive the note of fire.
4.       Since the fire Summoning Note (zhi) obtains them, the pairs stem-Geng/branch- Wu and stem-Xin/branch-Wei receive the note of earth.
5.       Since the water Feather Note (yu) obtains them, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Wu and stem-Gui/branch-Wei receive the note of wood.

次五得以商角徵羽宮納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五申而隨以五酉。商金得甲申、乙酉，納音水；角木得丙申、丁酉，納音火；徵火得戊申、己酉，納音土；羽水得庚申、辛酉，納音木；宮土得壬申、癸酉，納音金。

In the fifth series, the Exchange Note (shang), Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), Feather Note (yu), and Palace Note (gong) — in the same order here as in the second series — receive stem-Jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with the branch-Shen. The five adjacent pairs that have branch-You follow the affiliations of the branch-Shen pairs.

1.       Thus, since the metal Exchange Note (shang) obtains them, the pairs stem-Jia/branch-Shen and stem-Yi/branch-You receive the note of water.
2.       Since the wood Horn Note (jue) obtains them, the pairs stem-Bing/branch-Shen and stem-Ding/branch-You receive the note of fire.
3.       Since the fire Summoning Note (zhi) obtains them, the pairs stem- Wu/branch-Shen and stem-Ji/branch-You receive the note of earth.
4.       Since the water Feather Note (yu) obtains them, the pairs stem-Geng/branch-Shen and stem-Xin/branch-You receive the note of wood.
5.       Since the earth Palace Note (gong) obtains them, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Shen and stem-Gui/branch-You receive the note of metal. 

次六復以角微羽宮商納甲丙戊庚壬，系以五戍而隨以五亥。角木得甲戍、乙亥，納音火；徵火得丙戍、丁亥，納音土；羽水得戊戍、己亥，納音木；宮土得庚戍、辛亥，納音金；商金得壬戍、癸亥，納音水。

`In the sixth series, the Horn Note (jue), Summoning Note (zhi), Feather Note (yu), Palace Note (gong), and Exchange Note (shang) — in the same order here as in the third series — receive stem-Jia, stem-Bing, stem-Wu, stem-Geng, and stem-Ren as each stem is paired with the branch-Xu. The five adjacent pairs that have branch-Hai follow the affiliations of the branch-Xu pairs.

1.       Thus, since the wood Horn Note (jue) obtains them, the pairs stem-Jia/branch-Xu and stem-Yi/branch-Hai receive the note of fire.
2.       Since the fire Summoning Note (zhi) obtains them, the pairs stem-Bing/branch-Xu and stem-Ding/branch-Hai receive the note of earth.
3.       Since the water Feather Note (yu) obtains them, the pairs stem- Wu/branch-Xu and stem-Ji/branch-Hai receive the note of wood.
4.       Since the earth Palace Note (gong) obtains them, the pairs stem-Geng/branch-Xu and stem-Xin/branch-Hai receive the note of metal.
5.       Since the metal Exchange Note (shang) obtains them, the pairs stem-Ren/branch-Xu and stem-Gui/branch-Hai receive the note of water. `With this, the six stem-Jia are finished and the Received Notes system achieves its greater completion. 

於是六甲全而納音大成矣。陽生於子，自甲子以至癸巳。陰生於午，自甲午以至癸亥。故三十而復從宮起。宮君、商臣、角民，皆人道也，故皆可以為首。徵事、羽物皆人所用也，故不可以為首。是以三甲終而復始於宮。干為天，支為地，音為人，三才之五行備矣。

Since yang is born from the branch-Zi, the pairs from stem-Jia/branch-Zi through stem-Gui/branch-Si are yang. Since yin is born from branch-Wu, the pairs from stem- Wu/branch-Zi through stem-Gui/branch-Hai are yin. Therefore, after thirty pairs, the series begins again with the Palace Note (gong). The Palace Note (gong) corresponds to the lord, the Exchange Note (shang) to his ministers, and the Horn Note (jue) to the people. Since these three all correspond to the way of man, they can serve to begin the series. By contrast, the Summoning Note (zhi) corresponds to affairs and the Feather Note (yu) to objects and as such these latter two notes correspond to that which man employs. Therefore, neither of them can serve as the head of the series. This is why the series begins again with the Palace Note (gong) after the three stem-Jia have finished. The stems correspond to heaven, the branches to the earth, and the musical notes to Man. Therein the Five Processes of the three forms of matter are completely contained.